Egyptian pyramids

The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid shaped masonry structures located in Egypt. There are over 100 pyramids in Egypt. Most were built as tombs for the country's Pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. The earliest known Egyptian pyramid is the Pyramid of Dozer which was built during the third dynasty. This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Emote, and are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry. The best known Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo.The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid. It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence. The shape of Egyptian pyramids is thought to represent the primordial mound from which the Egyptians believed the earth was created. The shape is also thought to be representative of the descending rays of the sun, and most pyramids were faced with polished, highly reflective white limestone, in order to give them a brilliant appearance when viewed from a distance. Pyramids were often also named in ways that referred to solar luminescence. The Egyptians believed the dark area of the night sky around which the stars appear to revolve was the physical gateway into the heavens. One of the narrow shafts that extends from the main burial chamber through the entire body of the Great Pyramid points directly towards the center of this part of the sky. This suggests the pyramid may have been designed to serve as a means to magically launch the deceased pharaoh's soul directly into the abode of the gods. The first historically documented Egyptian pyramid is attributed to the architect Imhotep, who planned what Egyptologists believe to be a tomb for the pharaoh Dozer. The Egyptian pyramids were build mostly for pharaoh's or kings tombs during middle kingdom periods. Pyramids were world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry and were surrounding complex designed by the architect Emote. The famous pyramids build in Giza were most prolific due to greatest degree of absolutist paranoiac rules as a result of pyramid of khufu is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Slowly, authority became less centralized, less willingness which built faster and smaller, great numbers pyramids, known today Sudan.

Shilpacharya Zainul Abedin

Zainul Abedin (1914-1976) was an artist from Bangladesh. Zainul Abedin was born in Mymensingh, East Bengal, on December 29, 1914. Abedin's paintings on the Bengal famine of 1940s is probably his most characteristic work. In Bangladesh, he is often referred to as Shilpacharya. Much of his childhood was spent near the scenic banks of the Brahmaputra River. The Brahmaputra would later appear in many of his paintings and be a source of inspiration all throughout his career. In 1933, Abedin was admitted to Calcutta Government Art School in Kolkata. He joined the faculty of the school after his education there was completed. A series of watercolours that Zainul did as his tribute to the Brahmaputra River earned him the Governor's Gold Medal in an all-India exhibition in 1938. This award gave Abedin the confidence to create his own visual style. Zainul Abedin was involved in all stages of the movement that finally made the creation of Bangladesh possible. He was in the forefront of the cultural movement to re-establish the Bengali identity, marginalised by the Pakistan government. In 1969, Abedin painted a scroll using Chinese ink, watercolour and wax named Nobanno. This was to celebrate the ongoing non-cooperation movement.

Australia

Location: Indian Pacific Oceans
Population: 21,215,250
Capital: Canberra
Language Spoken: Original language is English. Many other languages are retained by minorities, including Italian, German, Greek, Vietnamese, Chinese dialects and Aboriginal languages.
Country Dialling Code: +61
Currency & Money: Australian Dollar (AUD; symbol A$)
Exchange facilities are available for all incoming and outgoing flights at all international airports in Australia. International-class hotels will exchange major currencies for guests. It is recommended that visitors change money at the airport or at city banks.
Major credit cards are accepted. Use may be restricted in small towns and outback areas, as is ATM availability. Traveller cheques are widely accepted in major currencies at banks or large hotels. However, some banks may charge a fee for cashing traveller's cheques. To avoid additional exchange rate charges, travellers are advised to take traveller's cheques in a major currency.
Weather: Australia is in the southern hemisphere and the seasons are opposite to those in Europe and North America. There are two climatic zones: the tropical zone (in the north above the Tropic of Capricorn) and the temperate zone. The tropical zone (consisting of 40% of Australia) has two seasons, summer (‘wet') and winter (‘dry'), while the temperate zone has all four seasons.Spring to summer: Warm or hot everywhere, tropical in the north, and warm to hot with mild nights in the south.Autumn to winter: Northern and central Australia have clear warm days, cool nights; the south has cool days with occasional rain but still plenty of sun. Snow is totally confined to mountainous regions of the southeast.Drought is becoming more widespread with southeast Queensland, Victoria and South Australia all badly affected.

Sydney Opera House

The Sydney Opera House is an expressionist modern design, with a series of large precuts concrete 'shells', each taken from a hemisphere of the same radius, forming the roofs of the structure, set on a monumental podium. Planning for the Sydney Opera House began in the late 1940s when Eugene Goossens, the Director of the NSW State Conservatorium of Music, lobbied for a suitable venue for large theatrical productions. The normal venue for such productions, the Sydney Town Hall, was not considered large enough. By 1954, Goossens succeeded in gaining the support of NSW Premier Joseph Cahill, who called for designs for a dedicated opera house. It was also Goossens who insisted that Bennelong Point be the site for the Opera House. Cahill had wanted it to be on or near Wynyard Railway Station in the north-west of the CBD. The building covers 1.8 hectares (4.5 acres) of land, and is 183 meters (605 ft) long and 120 meters (388 ft) wide at its widest point. It is supported on 588 concrete piers sunk up to 25 meters below sea level. Its power supply is equivalent to that of a town of 25,000 people, and is distributed by 645 kilometers of electrical cable. The roofs of the House are covered in a subtle chevron pattern with 1,056,006 glossy white and matte cream Swedish-made tiles, though from a distance the shells appear a brilliant white. Despite their self-cleaning nature, the tiles are still subject to periodic maintenance and replacement. The Concert Hall is contained within the western group of shells, the Opera Theatre within the eastern group. The scale of the shells was chosen to reflect the internal height requirements, rising from the low entrance spaces, over the seating areas and up to the high stage towers. The minor venues (Drama Theatre, Playhouse, and The Studio) are located beneath the Concert Hall, as part of the western shell group. A much smaller group of shells set to one side of the Monumental Steps houses the Benn long Restaurant. Although the roof structures of the Sydney Opera House are commonly referred to as shells (as they are in this article), they are in fact not shells in a strictly structural sense, but are instead precuts concrete panels supported by precuts concrete ribs. Apart from the tile of the shells, and the glass curtain walls of the foyer spaces, the building's exterior is largely clad with aggregate panels composed of pink granite quarried in Tarana. Significant interior surface treatments also include off-form concrete, Australian white birch plywood supplied from Watcheye in northern New South Wales, and brush box glulam. The competition was launched by Cahill on 13 September 1955 and received a total of 233 entries from 32 countries. The criteria specified a large hall seating 3000 and a small hall for 1200 people, each to be designed for different uses including full-scale operas, orchestral and choral concerts, mass meetings, lectures, ballet performances and other presentations. The winner, announced in 1957, was Jørn Utzon, a Danish architect. The prize was £5,000. Utzon visited in Sydney in 1957 to help supervise the project. His office moved to Sydney in February 1963. The Fort Macquarie Tram Depot, occupying the site at the time of these plans, was demolished in 1958, and formal construction of the Opera House began in March, 1959. The project was built in three stages. Stage I (1959–1963) consisted of building the upper podium. Stage II (1963–1967) saw the construction of the outer shells. Stage III consisted of the interior design and construction (1967–73).

Sundarban

The Sundarbans is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. "Sundarban" literally means "beautiful jungle" or "beautiful forest" in the Bengali language. The name Sundarbans may also have been derived from the Sundari trees that are found in Sundarbans in large numbers. Other possible explanations can be a derivation from "Samudraban" or "Chandra-bandhe" (name of a primitive tribe). But the generally accepted view is the one associated with Sundari trees.The forest lies at the mouth of the Ganges and is spread across areas of Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, forming the seaward fringe of the delta. The seasonally-flooded Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests lie inland from the mangrove forests. The forest covers 10,000 sq.km of which about 6,000 are in Bangladesh. It became inscripted as a UNESCO world heritage site in 1997. The Sundarbans is intersected by a complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats and small islands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests. The area is known for the eponymous Royal Bengal Tiger, as well as numerous fauna including species of birds, spotted deer, crocodiles and snakes. It is estimated that there are now 500. Bengal tigers and about 30,000 spotted deer in the area. Sundarbans was designated a Ramsar site on May 21, 1992. The fertile soils of the delta have been subject to intensive human use for centuries, and the ecoregion has been mostly converted to intensive agriculture, with few enclaves of forest remaining. The remaining forests, together with the Sundarbans mangroves, are important habitat for the endangered tiger.

Jatiyo Smriti Soudho

Jatiyo Smriti Soudho or National Martyrs' Memorial is a monument in Bangladesh. It is the symbol of the valour and the sacrifice of those killed in the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, which brought the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistani rule. The monument is located in Savar, about 35km north-west of the capital, Dhaka. Plans for the monument were initiated right after the independence, in 1972. Following the site selection, road and land development, a nation-wide design competition was held in June, 1978. Following evaluation of the 57 submissions, Syed Mainul Hossain's design was chosen. The main structure and the artificial lake and other facilities were completed in 1982.

Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum located in Agra, India, built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.The Taj Mahal (also "the Taj") is considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Ottoman, Indian, and Islamic architectural styles. In 1983, the Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was cited as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage."While the white domed marble mausoleum is its most familiar component, the Taj Mahal is actually an integrated complex of structures. Building began around 1632 and was completed around 1653, and employed thousands of artisans and craftsmen. The Persian architect, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri is generally considered to be the principal designer of the Taj Mahal.

Statue of Liberty

The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by the people of France in 1886. Standing on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, it welcomes visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans traveling by ship. The copper-clad statue, dedicated on October 28, 1886, commemorates the centennial of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence and was given to the United States to represent the friendship established during the American Revolution. The statue is of a robed woman holding a torch, and is made of a sheeting of pure copper, hung on a framework of steel with the exception of the flame of the torch, which is coated in gold leaf. It stands atop a rectangular stonework pedestal with a foundation in the shape of an irregular eleven-pointed star. The statue is 151 ft tall, but with the pedestal and foundation, it is 305 ft tall. Worldwide, the Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable icons of the United States and was, from 1886 until the jet age, often one of the first glimpses of the United States for millions of immigrants after ocean voyages from Europe. The statue is the central part of Statue of Liberty National Monument administered by the National Park Service.

Kuyakata

A rare scenic spot on the southernmost tip of Bangladesh in Patuakhali district Kuakata has a wide sandy beach from where one can see both the sunrise and sunset. Kuakata is located at a distance of 70 km. from the district headquarters of Patuakhali. This sandy beach slopes gently to the Bay of Bengal and bathing here is as pleasant as is diving or simply lazing on the beach. The virgin beaches of Kuakata, lined by coconut trees, are a sanctuary for migratory winter birds. Kuakata has a picture perfect setting where life is laid back and time seems unhurried. The Bay is alive with colorful sail boats, surfing, fishing or walking on the beach - Kuakata offers something for everyone.Kuakata is a place of pilgrimage for the Hindu and Buddhist communities. Devotees arrive here during the festival of ' Raash Purnima' and 'Maghi Purnima'-- two sacred full moon festivals. A bath in the Bay is a part of the ritual. Fairs are also held where one can buy handloom and other handicraft items. A visit to a Rakhyne family and the hundred year old Buddist temple should be on each visitor's itinerary.Kuakata has road communication with Dhaka, but the journey may be long and a bit stressful. A much easier way is to go to Barisal by air and from there travel by road or water to Patuakhali or Kuakata. BRTC runs a direct bus service from Dhaka to Kuakata via Barisal. Besides, Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation may organize guided package tours from Dhaka to Kuakata on demand.

The Silent Island

A very small island as well as a protected reserve forest with full of Bio-diversity situated at Hatia Upozila under Noakhali district is surrounded by sea-girt coast “Nijhum Dip” This is the only reserve forest in Bangladesh where there is no carnivorous animals. Nijhum Dip is full of Mangrove vegetation. It looks like the Shundorbon a little bit. For, there are Canals, Creeks & trees of mangrove species like the Sundorbon. The beach is not mere sandy; it is something clay mixed. The transportation & communication system depends on local boat or engine boat to reach over there. At the time of silent boating or tracking through the forest fortunate tourist can observe birds of different spices ie. Migratory & inland birds & spotted deer. The spectacular Sun-rise & Sun-set view from this little island for the travelers is very much amusing.

St. Martin's Island

St. Martin’s a coral island having about 13 sq.km area with an average height of 5 feet from the sea-level is like a “Floating Lotus Leaf” on the blue bosom of the north Bay of Bengal along with an islet called “Chhera Dwep” at a distance of about 9 nautical miles from the tip of cox’s bazaar-Teknaf peninsula within Bangladesh water limit formed the southernmost part of Bangladesh is full of herbs, creepers & bushes having with about 182 species of wild lives & birds. The main vegetation are coconut trees, betel nut & bamboos in the island but specially, for the abundance of coconut trees the local name of the island is “Narikel Jinjira”. Visitors can collect sea-shells & oysters from the beach & even sometimes living corals can be found in the reef at the time of ebb-tide. Mostly, the local people are fisherman & they have lots of fishing experience in different seasons in the sea. So at night time visitors may pass their idle time exclusively with them & have nice & colorful experience of their fishing & family life.

Cox's Bazar Beach

Miles of golden sands, towering cliffs, surfing waves, rare conch shells, colorful Pagodas, Buddhist Temples and delightful sea-food - all this makes what Cox's Bazar is today, the tourist capital of Bangladesh. The World's longest uninterrupted (120 km.) beach slopes here down to the blue waters of the Bay of Bengal against the picturesque background of a chain of hills covered with deep green forests. Cox's Bazar is one of the most attractive tourist spots in the world. The warm, shark free, waters are good for bathing and swimming & while the sandy beaches offer opportunities for sun-bathing. The beauty of the setting-sun behind the waves of the sea is simply captivating. Locally made cigars and handloom products of the tribal Rakhyne families are good buys. Located at a distance of 152 km. south of Chittagong, Cox's Bazar is connected both by air and road from Dhaka and Chittagong. Visit to the fascinating picnic spots at Himchari and Teknaf, the Buddhist Temple at Ramu and nearby islands of Sonadia and St. Martin's, Inane Beach and Moheshkhali are certain to become unforgettable experiences for every visitor.

Shahid Minar

On 21 February 1952, corresponding to 8 Falgun 1359 in the Bangla calendar, a number of students campaigning for the recognition of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan were killed when Pakistani police fired upon them. At a public meeting on 21 March 1948, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the Governor General of Pakistan, declared that Urdu will be the only language for both West and East Pakistan. The people of East Pakistan (Now Bangladesh), whose main language is Bengali, started to protest against this. A student meeting on 21 February called for a province-wide strike. But the government invoked Section 144 on 20 February. The student community at a meeting on the morning of 21 February agreed to continue with their protest but not to break the law of Section 144. Even then the Pakistani police opened fire and killed the students. On 17 November 1999, 21 February was proclaimed the International Mother Language Day by UNESCO. Its observance was also formally recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution establishing 2008 as the International Year of Languages.

Bangladesh

Geographical Location: Between 20°34' and 26°38' north latitude 88°01' and 92°41' east longitude. Boundary North: India, West: India, South: Bay of Bengal, East: India and Myanmar.
Area: 56977 SQ. Miles or 147570 SQ. KM
Territorial water boundary: 12 Nautical Miles
Official Name: Peoples Republic of Bangladesh
President: Jillur Rahman
Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina
Capital City: Dhaka
Major Administrative Units: Dhaka, Chittagong,
Khulna, Rajshahi, Mymensingh, Comilla, Barisal,
Sylhet.
Standard Time: GMT+6.00 Hours.
Language State language: Bangla. Second language
English.
Demography Population: 141.34 million, Annual
Growth rate: 1.48%, Density: 928 per sq. km,
Religion: Muslim 88.3%, Hindu 10.5%, Buddhist
0.6%, Christian 0.3%. Secularism is ensured
Constitutionally.
Climate Sub-tropical: Three main seasons: Winter
(November-February), summer (March- June),
Monsoon (July – October). Climatic variations:
Winter temperature average maximum 29°C, winter
Temperature average minimum 11°C, summer
Temperature average maximum 34°C, summer
Temperature average minimum 21°C, Monsoon
Average rainfall 1194 mm to 3454 mm.
Topography: Over 85% of the country is flat,
Alluvial and plain.
Principal rivers: Padma, Meghna, Jamuna, Brahmaputra,
Teesta, Surma and Karnaphuli (Total 230 rivers including
Tributaries).
Currency: Taka
Economy: Agriculture Based.
Principal Industries: Jute & cotton textiles,
Garment making, tea processing, paper,
Newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizers, light
Engineering, sugar.
Principal Minerals: Natural gas, lignite coal,
Limestone, ceramic clay and glass sand.
Principal Exports: Ready made garments, raw jute,
Jute manufacturers, tea, fish, hides and skins,
Newsprint.
Infrastructure: Road Transportation Road transportation facility
With quality transport and reasonable fare.
Bridges on almost all of the major rivers. The
Bridge over Jamuna Bangabondhu Jamuna Shatu (4.8 km) is the 8th longest
Bridge of the world.
Waterway: Sea Chittagong and Mongla. Inland River Dhaka, Chandpur, Barisal, Khulna,
Baghabari, Sirajganj, Sharishabari, Narayanganj, Bhairab Bazar, Ashuganj.
Airway: InternationalDhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet. Domestic Dhaka, Chittagong, Jessore,

Ishwardi, Sylhet, Comilla, Cox’s Bazar, Thakurgaon, Syedpur, Rajshahi and Barisal.
General Information: Bangladesh is a unitary, independent And sovereign Republic known

as the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. The country emerged as an Independent state on March 26,

1971. The war of Liberation ended on December 16, 1971 in victory of Bangladeshi forces and

surrender of the Occupying army. This area was under Muslim rule for five and a half centuries and

passed into British rule in 1757 AD. In August 1947, it gained independence from the British rule

along with the rest of India and formed a part of Pakistan and was known as East Pakistan. The national

anthem of Bangladesh comprises the first ten lines of ‘Amar Sonar Bangla’ of Rabindra Nath Tagore.

The national flag of the republic consists of a circle colored red throughout its area, resting on a

green rectangular background. National emblem is the flower “Shapla” (Nymphaea nouchali). The

Citizens of Bangladesh are known as Bangladeshis.

National Flag of Bangladesh

Fore Ground: Green. Length: 20 units. Wide: 12 units. Red circle: The middle point of the red circle is 9 unit from the left hand side & 11 unit from the right hand side (Length wise) & 6 unit: 6 unit (cross wise) Circumference: The boundary line of the circle 2 unit below from the upper edge & 2 unit above from the lower edge.

Paharpur Shompur Bouddho Bihar

This 7th century AD Sompur Mohabihar built by Dhormopala at Nouga, Bangladesh is the greatest Buddhist Bihar in the sub-continent. It is located at Paharpur of Badolgachi upazila under Nouga District. It is 5 km west of Jamalgonj railway station & 14 km of Joipurhat District. During the Pala rule in Bengal, the region enjoyed peace that led to a great development of art & culture. Many Buddhist temples, monasteries& stupas were built under the royal patronage & “Bengal” becomes the center of Buddhist religion & culture. This archaeological site covers an area of 11 hectare. Through the excavation works by the archaeologist, it is a proven matter that the most spectacular Buddhist monument is the biggest Bihar in south of the Himalayas. This vast quadrangular monastery with 177 cells enclosing the elaborate gateway & numerous votive stupas, minor chapels & extensive ancillary buildings within 22 acre courtyard, dominated by a lofty pyramidal temple in the center.

National Poet Of Bangladesh

Kazi Nazrul Islam (25 May 1899–29 August 1976) was a Bengali poet, musician, revolutionary, and philosopher who pioneered poetic works espousing intense spiritual rebellion against orthodoxy & oppression. His poetry and nationalist activism earned him the popular title of Bidrohi Kobi. Accomplishing a large body of acclaimed works through his life, Nazrul is officially recognized as the national poet of Bangladesh & commemorated in India. Born into a poor Muslim family, Nazrul received religious education and worked as a muezzin at a local mosque. He learned of poetry, drama, and literature while working with theatrical groups. After serving in the British Indian Army, Nazrul established himself as a journalist in Kolkata. He assailed the British Raj in India and preached revolution through his poetic works, such as "Bidrohi" and "Bhangar Gaan", as well as his publication "Dhumketu". His impassioned activism in the Indian independence movement often led to his imprisonment by British authorities. While in prison, Nazrul wrote the "Rajbandir Jabanbandi". Exploring the life and conditions of the downtrodden masses of India, Nazrul worked for their emancipation. Nazrul's writings explore themes such as love, freedom, and revolution; he opposed all bigotry, including religious and gender. Throughout his career, Nazrul wrote short stories, novels, and essays but is best-known for his poems, in which he pioneered new forms such as Bengali ghazals. Nazrul wrote and composed music for his nearly 4,000 songs, collectively known as Nazrul geeti, which are widely popular today. At the age of 43 he began suffering from an unknown disease, losing his voice and memory. What was later diagnosed as Pick's Disease, caused Nazrul's health to decline steadily and forced him to live in isolation for many years. Invited by the Government of Bangladesh, Nazrul and his family moved to Dhaka in 1972, where he died four years later.

Jesus Crist

Born: 7–2 BC/BCEBethlehem, Judea [traditional]
Died: 26–36 AD/CECalvary, Judea. [According to the New Testament, he rose on the third day after his death]
Cause of death: Crucifixion [Muslim scholars dispute the Gospel claim that Jesus was crucified]
Resting place: Traditionally and temporarily, a garden tomb located in what is now the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Ethnicity: Jewish
Occupation: Carpenter, itinerant preacher, Rabbi
Home town: Nazareth, Galilee, current Israel.